You are gambling whenever you get in your car and drive. You are gambling if you get out of bed. You are gambling if you spend too much time in bed.

Risk being present isn’t enough. I think the definition of gambling should include a willful decision to increase the level of risk.

Company A sells widgets for dollars made from raw materials bought in yen.

Company B sells woggles for yen made from raw materials bought in dollars.

Both companies can reduce their risk by agreeing to exchange yen for dollars at an agreed fixed value. No one is gambling. Everyone is reducing their risk.

Interest rates, some companies may have floating income they wish to swap for long term fixed, and others may have too much long term debt which has a volatile mtm value.

Counterparty risk, usually mitigated by diversification. Companies pool their specific risk for a lower, but more certain, general risk (and use clearing houses).

Liquidity risk. Only a problem if you need to sell something quickly. Here there are gamblers taking advantage. There’s no-one that naturally wants to take the other side of illiquid assets.

Not necessarily. Two companies in different countries can both reduce their risk by entering into an FX swap.

bank is required to keep 10 percent in cash

Not correct. Your liabilities need to be sufficiently smaller than your assets. Capital reserves don’t need to be in cash.

someone else has 180, that money has been ‘created’ out of thin air

200 dollars went in. 180 dollars came out. 20 dollars stay in the bank. No dollars have been created.

Look up fractional reserved banking.

Look up solvency frameworks

Futures are still technically gambling.

If you enter into a futures contract to fix your costs (electricity, oil, steel etc.) then you are reducing your risk. This is the opposite of gambling.

Sometimes doing nothing is the risky option.

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When a bank gives out a credit, that money is created on the spot, not drawn from somewhere.

Incorrect. Try starting your own bank and doing that. No other banks will do business with you and you’ll run out of money to give your borrowers.

The derivatives market is something like 7 times that.

The notional value is that size, but that’s not really representative. You can’t compare or even add notional amounts.

For example, temperature derivatives would have a notional value measured in millions of °C.

Joe isn’t really president anymore.

It’s very easy to defend Joe. He has zero incentive not to pardon his son.

That’s exactly what a bot would say.

Testing the supreme court could also result in certain dictatorial powers for Trump. At the moment they are only theoretical.

The cover up is the crime. Why did the FBI spread false Russian Propaganda misinformation?

This pardon also stops any investigation into the “10% for the big guy” email.

What about agreeing to hold 10% for the big guy?

Well, that also gets Joe off the “10% for the big guy” invesigation that may have been chasing him after office.

Elon is MUCH MUCH richer than Trump. Any disagreements and Elon will just buy Trumps acceptance.

Information on all sides was described as misinformation.

Wait until that intruder is a postal worker/drunk neighbor/ distant relative. Capital punishment is too severe.

If they have freckles you can do dot-to-dot